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Analysis: How to price UAV plant protection services
[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] UAV plant protection, commonly known as "flying defense", due to its high operating efficiency, good spraying effect, low hidden costs, etc., in recent years, gradually gained a place in the plant protection machinery market. Compared with artificial plant protection, the efficiency of an aircraft is more than 60 times that of ordinary manpower. The atomized spraying method usually uses more than 30% of the medicinal amount and more than 90% of the water.
Not only that, flying defense operations allow flying hands and farmers to stay away from pesticides as much as possible, and reduce the risk of their poisoning. It has greatly slowed down the aging of China's rural population in recent years, the loss of labor force in successive years, and the gap between pesticides and fertilizer utilization rates compared with developed countries.
So the question is, how much should the drone plant protection service collect? According to industry practice, according to different types of operating drones, farmers' spraying needs, crops, farmland complexity, market space, etc., the quotations of plant protection drone spraying services are often not generalized.
Analysis: How to price UAV plant protection services
1 operating drone type
Plant protection drones have a number of dimensions. Multi-rotor, single rotor, fixed wing, oil, electric, manual operation, automatic operation, GPS positioning, RTK positioning, etc. Different types of drones may have huge differences in work efficiency, spray effect, intelligence level, and cost of use, and their job quotations are also related.
2 Different spray requirements
According to the severity of the pests and diseases and the different types of drugs, the farmers will have different requirements on the spraying effect. The situation of pests and diseases is slight or some prevention and control work, the flight speed can reach more than 8m / s; on the contrary, if the pests and diseases are more serious, the farmers need to apply the drug is good enough, no dead angle, no leakage, the flight speed may need to be reduced to 4m / s or even more low.
In addition, the positioning performance of plant protection drones is not good, so the general operation needs to draw a few meters of safety boundary on the edge of the field to prevent the bomber. The safety boundary part of the operation is not sprayed. Some farmers do not require spraying on the edge area, but many farmers Will require sweeping operations, sweeping the required control, and the risk is higher. For the flying hand, the reduction of the flying speed and the addition of the sweeping operation will directly affect the work efficiency and affect the daily income, so the quotation of the single-acre operation will also increase.
Farmland borders are generally planted with windbreaks, and plant protection machines need to plan a certain distance as a safety boundary to prevent collision trees.
3 different crops
Fly defense operations are now mostly directed at field crops, and a few manufacturers of aircraft can operate orchards in hilly terrain. For field crops, the spraying of cotton, wheat, rice, corn and other crops is not the same.
The water surface reflection of rice fields is large, and the requirements for the height of the drones and the flying hands are relatively high. The high-bar crops in the corn field often require automated work and the high-bar penetration requirements are higher, if the pests and diseases are not considered and the drugs are used. In fact, the cost of flying defense services for such crops is often higher than that of cotton and wheat. For fruit trees in hilly terrain, the altitude difference between the orchard is high, and the fruit trees are generally higher. If the direct spraying is carried out according to the method of the field, the effect is not effective. To ensure, so generally work by fruit trees, the efficiency is only a few tens of acres per day, the price of a single acre will inevitably rise.
Field crop operation price: 8~15 yuan/mu;
Fruit tree operation price: 25~40 yuan/mu.
4 farmland complexity is different
The rural land transfer rate in China is relatively low, and the size and quality of rural fields are uneven, ranging from a few points to hundreds of acres. Some farmland is neat and endless, such as the farmland of the Xinjiang Corps; some farmland is twisted and twisted, and the telephone poles and horizontal lines are endless. These factors are also very different in the difficulty of implementing flight defense operations. The requirements for flying hands and aircraft are relatively low, the operating efficiency can be guaranteed as much as possible, and the unit price is relatively low; the uncirculated Xiaotian involves frequent transitions. Moreover, the requirements for flying hands and aircraft are relatively high, the efficiency decreases linearly, and the unit price is higher.
China's land transfer rate is not high
5 different market spaces
Friends who have studied economics know that product service pricing is not only related to cost, but also largely related to market supply and demand and market space. If the oversupply is the buyer's market, the price will decrease; if the demand exceeds supply, it will be the seller's market and the price will rise. As a large agricultural country, China has different types of crops, pests and diseases grown in various provinces, and the volume and demand for plant protection services vary widely.
Some provinces may only need hundreds of plant protection drones to meet demand, and the price is lower. However, in some areas, there are tens of millions of acres of light government control every year, and a lot of plant protection is needed. UAV service, but the supply of flight defense services is very limited, and the price will be relatively high.
According to a portal website, 2016 is the first year of plant protection drones. According to rough calculations, according to China's 2.25 billion mu of cultivated land, the annual pest control scale exceeds 8.6 billion mu, and the market scale exceeds 100 billion yuan. The drone has promoted the rise of the flight defense industry, created tens of thousands of "flying hands" jobs, and also spawned many flight defense service platforms.
According to the author, if the local rice fields are sprayed artificially, the efficiency is low (20~30 mu/day), and the price should go to 10 yuan/mu. The key point is that the plant protection season often does not require people to work, the price It is also normal for the water to rise. The spraying efficiency of the drone is equivalent to 60 people working at the same time, and the plant protection demand can be solved at a high density in a short time. The price should be at least not lower than the traditional manual spraying. The reasonable price of the market is generally around 8~15 yuan/mu.
The pricing of plant protection operations needs to consider crop categories, pest and disease levels, drug varieties, flight speed, spraying methods, topography, field size, transition efficiency, etc. Customized demand leads to price differences. Flying hands often need to negotiate with farmers at the job site. Determine the appropriate price of the job; just as you see a doctor, it is also a cold, and the doctor will use drugs or treatments with different effects and different prices depending on the patient's condition. For farmers and patients, flying defense operations are as vital as doctors seeing a doctor.
Once there is a problem or a phytotoxicity in the fly defense effect, it will affect the harvest, but the harvest will not be harvested. The whole people will be able to spend all their energy and resources for a whole year. The risk is very high, and the farmers know this. Therefore, most of them are willing to seek better in the effect of plant protection, but they are not cheaper and more important. If the flight defense platform does not understand the real needs of the flight defense, it has set a so-called low price, so that the flying hand can grab the single operation, the flying hand may also complete the operation in a high efficiency and low cost way, so that the plant protection effect It is not known whether it can be guaranteed.
Although high prices are not equal to high quality, low prices are not equal to low quality, but there is always a reasonable match between market prices and service quality. Otherwise, no one will continue to stay in a loss-making industry, so low prices are low. The probability of quality must be higher. China's agriculture generally enters a high-input, low-profit environment. The same is true for the flight defense industry. Although it has just emerged, there is no such thing as a profiteering period. Every dollar earned by manufacturers and flying hands is hard money.
Although low-price competition is a common commercial means, the cost of trial and error in the plant protection industry is too high.
First of all, the field work must go through the scoring of the sun, the starry night fly defense, mosquitoes and ants, pesticide poisoning, etc., after years, you can not see a few white skin clean skin intact plant protection team members;
Secondly, most of the consequences of the reduction of production and the loss of production caused by flight prevention and omission will fall to the farmers. When everything really happens, what can they do besides using the hands of the old man to wipe a bitter tears?
Plant protection flying defense has just begun, its difficulty may be more difficult than we think. We hope that everyone will start from the long-term development of the industry, put the control effect in place, ensure the quality of flying defense, and explore a better flying plant protection program. Reasonable pricing, without disturbing the market price, can promote the healthy and rapid development of the entire industry and market.